理解ReactElement和ReactClass的概念
首先让我们理解两个概念:
ReactElement
一个描述DOM节点或component实例的字面级对象。它包含一些信息,包括组件类型type和属性props。就像一个描述DOM节点的元素(虚拟节点)。它们可以被创建通过React.createElement方法或jsx写法
分为DOM Element和Component Elements两类:
当节点的type属性为字符串时,它代表是普通的节点,如div,span
- {
- type: 'button',
- props: {
- className: 'button button-blue',
- children: {
- type: 'b',
- props: {
- children: 'OK!'
- }
- }
- }
- }
当节点的type属性为一个函数或一个类时,它代表自定义的节点
- class Button extends React.Component {
- render() {
- const { children, color } = this.props;
- return {
- type: 'button',
- props: {
- className: 'button button-' + color,
- children: {
- type: 'b',
- props: {
- children: children
- }
- }
- }
- };
- }
- }
- // Component Elements
- {
- type: Button,
- props: {
- color: 'blue',
- children: 'OK!'
- }
- }
ReactClass
ReactClass是平时我们写的Component组件(类或函数),例如上面的Button类。ReactClass实例化后调用render方法可返回DOM Element。
react渲染过程
过程理解:
- // element是 Component Elements
- ReactDOM.render({
- type: Form,
- props: {
- isSubmitted: false,
- buttonText: 'OK!'
- }
- }, document.getElementById('root'));
react更新机制
每个类型的元素都要处理好自己的更新:
***步:调用this.setState
- ReactClass.prototype.setState = function(newState) {
- //this._reactInternalInstance是ReactCompositeComponent的实例
- this._reactInternalInstance.receiveComponent(null, newState);
- }
第二步:调用内部receiveComponent方法
这里主要分三种情况,文本元素,基本元素,自定义元素。
自定义元素:
receiveComponent方法源码
- // receiveComponent方法
- ReactCompositeComponent.prototype.receiveComponent = function(nextElement, transaction, nextContext) {
- var prevElement = this._currentElement;
- var prevContext = this._context;
- this._pendingElement = null;
- this.updateComponent(
- transaction,
- prevElement,
- nextElement,
- prevContext,
- nextContext
- );
- }
updateComponent方法源码
- // updateComponent方法
- ReactCompositeComponent.prototype.updateComponent = function(
- transaction,
- prevParentElement,
- nextParentElement,
- prevUnmaskedContext,
- nextUnmaskedContext
- ) {
- // 简写.....
- // 不是state更新而是props更新
- if (prevParentElement !== nextParentElement) {
- willReceive = true;
- }
- if (willReceive && inst.componentWillReceiveProps) {
- // 调用生命周期componentWillReceiveProps方法
- }
- // 是否更新元素
- if (inst.shouldComponentUpdate) {
- // 如果提供shouldComponentUpdate方法
- shouldUpdate = inst.shouldComponentUpdate(nextProps, nextState, nextContext);
- } else {
- if (this._compositeType === CompositeTypes.PureClass) {
- // 如果是PureClass,浅层对比props和state
- shouldUpdate =
- !shallowEqual(prevProps, nextProps) ||
- !shallowEqual(inst.state, nextState);
- }
- }
- if (shouldUpdate) {
- // 更新元素
- this._performComponentUpdate(
- nextParentElement,
- nextProps,
- nextState,
- nextContext,
- transaction,
- nextUnmaskedContext
- );
- } else {
- // 不更新元素,但仍然设置props和state
- this._currentElement = nextParentElement;
- this._context = nextUnmaskedContext;
- inst.props = nextProps;
- inst.state = nextState;
- inst.context = nextContext;
- }
- // .......
- }
内部_performComponentUpdate方法源码
- function shouldUpdateReactComponent(prevElement, nextElement){
- var prevEmpty = prevElement === null || prevElement === false;
- var nextEmpty = nextElement === null || nextElement === false;
- if (prevEmpty || nextEmpty) {
- return prevEmpty === nextEmpty;
- }
- var prevType = typeof prevElement;
- var nextType = typeof nextElement;
- if (prevType === 'string' || prevType === 'number') {
- // 如果先前的ReactElement对象类型是字符串或数字,新的ReactElement对象类型也是字符串或数字,则需要更新,新的ReactElement对象类型是对象,则不应该更新,直接替换。
- return (nextType === 'string' || nextType === 'number');
- } else {
- // 如果先前的ReactElement对象类型是对象,新的ReactElement对象类型也是对象,并且标签类型和key值相同,则需要更新
- return (
- nextType === 'object' &&
- prevElement.type === nextElement.type &&
- prevElement.key === nextElement.key
- );
- }
- }
文本元素:
receiveComponent方法源码
- ReactDOMTextComponent.prototype.receiveComponent(nextText, transaction) {
- //跟以前保存的字符串比较
- if (nextText !== this._currentElement) {
- this._currentElement = nextText;
- var nextStringText = '' + nextText;
- if (nextStringText !== this._stringText) {
- this._stringText = nextStringText;
- var commentNodes = this.getHostNode();
- // 替换文本元素
- DOMChildrenOperations.replaceDelimitedText(
- commentNodes[0],
- commentNodes[1],
- nextStringText
- );
- }
- }
- }
基本元素:
receiveComponent方法源码
- ReactDOMComponent.prototype.receiveComponent = function(nextElement, transaction, context) {
- var prevElement = this._currentElement;
- this._currentElement = nextElement;
- this.updateComponent(transaction, prevElement, nextElement, context);
- }
updateComponent方法源码
- ReactDOMComponent.prototype.updateComponent = function(transaction, prevElement, nextElement, context) {
- // 略.....
- //需要单独的更新属性
- this._updateDOMProperties(lastProps, nextProps, transaction, isCustomComponentTag);
- //再更新子节点
- this._updateDOMChildren(
- lastProps,
- nextProps,
- transaction,
- context
- );
- // ......
- }
this._updateDOMChildren方法内部调用diff算法,请看下一节........
react Diff算法
diff算法源码
- _updateChildren: function(nextNestedChildrenElements, transaction, context) {
- var prevChildren = this._renderedChildren;
- var removedNodes = {};
- var mountImages = [];
- // 获取新的子元素数组
- var nextChildren = this._reconcilerUpdateChildren(
- prevChildren,
- nextNestedChildrenElements,
- mountImages,
- removedNodes,
- transaction,
- context
- );
- if (!nextChildren && !prevChildren) {
- return;
- }
- var updates = null;
- var name;
- var nextIndex = 0;
- var lastIndex = 0;
- var nextMountIndex = 0;
- var lastPlacedNode = null;
- for (name in nextChildren) {
- if (!nextChildren.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
- continue;
- }
- var prevChild = prevChildren && prevChildren[name];
- var nextChild = nextChildren[name];
- if (prevChild === nextChild) {
- // 同一个引用,说明是使用的同一个component,所以我们需要做移动的操作
- // 移动已有的子节点
- // NOTICE:这里根据nextIndex, lastIndex决定是否移动
- updates = enqueue(
- updates,
- this.moveChild(prevChild, lastPlacedNode, nextIndex, lastIndex)
- );
- // 更新lastIndex
- lastIndex = Math.max(prevChild._mountIndex, lastIndex);
- // 更新component的.mountIndex属性
- prevChild._mountIndex = nextIndex;
- } else {
- if (prevChild) {
- // 更新lastIndex
- lastIndex = Math.max(prevChild._mountIndex, lastIndex);
- }
- // 添加新的子节点在指定的位置上
- updates = enqueue(
- updates,
- this._mountChildAtIndex(
- nextChild,
- mountImages[nextMountIndex],
- lastPlacedNode,
- nextIndex,
- transaction,
- context
- )
- );
- nextMountIndex++;
- }
- // 更新nextIndex
- nextIndex++;
- lastPlacedNode = ReactReconciler.getHostNode(nextChild);
- }
- // 移除掉不存在的旧子节点,和旧子节点和新子节点不同的旧子节点
- for (name in removedNodes) {
- if (removedNodes.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
- updates = enqueue(
- updates,
- this._unmountChild(prevChildren[name], removedNodes[name])
- );
- }
- }
- }
react的优点与总结
优点
总结
想要更好的利用react的虚拟DOM,diff算法的优势,我们需要正确的优化、组织react页面。例如将一个页面render的ReactElement节点分解成多个组件。在需要优化的组件手动添加 shouldComponentUpdate 来避免不需要的 re-render。
网站栏目:深入理解react(源码分析)
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