Linux curl命令使用方法
curl是一个非常实用的、用来与服务器之间传输数据的工具；支持的协议包括 (DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET and TFTP)，curl设计为无用户交互下完成工作；
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curl工具常用选项高数
语法格式：
curl [options] [URL...]
常用选项如下所示:
-A/--user-agent
: 设置用户代理发送给服务器 -e/--referer
: 来源网址 --cacert
: CA证书 (SSL) -k/--insecure: 允许忽略证书进行 SSL 连接 --compressed: 要求返回是压缩的格式 -H/--header
: 自定义首部信息传递给服务器 -i: 显示页面内容，包括报文首部信息 -I/--head: 只显示响应报文首部信息 -D/--dump-header
: 将url的header信息存放在指定文件中 --basic: 使用HTTP基本认证 -u/--user
: 设置服务器的用户和密码 -L: 如果有3xx响应码，重新发请求到新位置 -O: 使用URL中默认的文件名保存文件到本地 -o
: 将网络文件保存为指定的文件中 --
limit-rate
: 设置传输速度 -0/--http1.0: 数字0，使用HTTP 1.0 -v/--verbose: 更详细 -C: 选项可对文件使用断点续传功能 -c/--cookie-jar
: 将url中cookie存放在指定文件中 -x/--proxy
: 指定代理服务器地址 -X/--request command>: 向服务器发送指定请求方法 -U/--proxy-user
: 代理服务器用户和密码 -T: 选项可将指定的本地文件上传到FTP服务器上 --data/-d: 方式指定使用POST方式传递数据 -b name=data: 从服务器响应
set-cookie得到值，返回给服务器
curl命令测试HTTP协议实战案例
1>.”-A/–user-agent “案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl -A 'Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36' http://node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn #设置用户代理发送给服务器,其实就是封装了请求报文中的"User-Agent"参数，可以结合"-v"选项查看的更详细。
尹正杰到此一游
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl --user-agent 'Firefox/108 ' http://node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn
尹正杰到此一游
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /var/www/html/index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31 Dec 10 22:17 /var/www/html/index.html
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
尹正杰到此一游
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# tail -10f /var/log/httpd/access_log #查看服务端日志，观察请求日志信息
......
172.30.1.101 - - [10/Dec/2019:22:22:42 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 31 "-" "Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36"
172.30.1.101 - - [10/Dec/2019:22:27:59 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 31 "-" "Firefox/108"
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# tail -10f /var/log/httpd/access_log #查看服务端日志，观察请求日志信息，观察服务端是否有上面记录中的User-Agent参数记录。
2>.”-v/–verbose”案例显示一次的http请求的通信过程
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl -A 'Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36' http://node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn -v #显示http请求的通信过程，包括request，response，以及正文。
* About to connect() to node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn port 80 (#0)
* Trying 172.30.1.107...
* Connected to node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn (172.30.1.107) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36
> Host: node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn
> Accept: */*
>
"1f-5995a2a997640"
尹正杰到此一游
* Connection #0 to host node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn left intact
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>.”-e/–referer “案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl -e "www.baidu.com" http://node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn -v #指定来源网址为"www.baidu.com"
* About to connect() to node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn port 80 (#0)
* Trying 172.30.1.107...
* Connected to node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn (172.30.1.107) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
> Host: node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn
> Accept: */*
> Referer: www.baidu.com
>
"1f-5995a2a997640"
尹正杰到此一游
* Connection #0 to host node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn left intact
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /var/www/html/index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31 Dec 10 22:17 /var/www/html/index.html
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
尹正杰到此一游
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# tail -10f /var/log/httpd/access_log #查看服务端日志，观察请求日志信息
......
172.30.1.101 - - [10/Dec/2019:22:45:15 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 31 "www.baidu.com" "curl/7.29.0"
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# tail -10f /var/log/httpd/access_log #查看服务端日志，观察请求日志信息，观察服务端是否有上面记录中的User-Agent参数记录。
4>.”-I/–head”案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl -I http://node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn #只显示响应报文首部信息
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2019 14:52:36 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) PHP/5.4.16
Last-Modified: Tue, 10 Dec 2019 14:17:04 GMT
ETag: "1f-5995a2a997640"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 31
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl --head http://node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2019 14:52:45 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) PHP/5.4.16
Last-Modified: Tue, 10 Dec 2019 14:17:04 GMT
ETag: "1f-5995a2a997640"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 31
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /var/www/html/index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31 Dec 10 22:17 /var/www/html/index.html
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
尹正杰到此一游
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# tail -10f /var/log/httpd/access_log #查看服务端日志，观察请求日志信息
......
172.30.1.101 - - [10/Dec/2019:22:52:36 +0800] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
172.30.1.101 - - [10/Dec/2019:22:52:45 +0800] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# tail -10f /var/log/httpd/access_log #查看服务端日志，观察请求日志信息，观察服务端是否有上面记录中的User-Agent参数记录。
5>.”-i”案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl -i http://node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn #显示页面内容，包括报文首部信息
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2019 14:54:52 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) PHP/5.4.16
Last-Modified: Tue, 10 Dec 2019 14:17:04 GMT
ETag: "1f-5995a2a997640"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 31
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
尹正杰到此一游
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /var/www/html/index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31 Dec 10 22:17 /var/www/html/index.html
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
尹正杰到此一游
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# tail -10f /var/log/httpd/access_log #查看服务端日志，观察请求日志信息
......
172.30.1.101 - - [10/Dec/2019:22:54:52 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 31 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# tail -10f /var/log/httpd/access_log #查看服务端日志，观察请求日志信息，观察服务端是否有上面记录中的User-Agent参数记录。
6>.”–cacert “案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl https://www.yinzhengjie.org.cn --cacert /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl/cacert.pem #使用证书检查访问网页
尹正杰到此一游
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
7>.”-k/–insecure”案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl -k https://www.yinzhengjie.org.cn --cacert /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl/cacert.pem #忽略证书检查访问网页
尹正杰到此一游
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
8>.”-c/–cookie-jar “案例
复制代码
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl -c /root/cookie.txt http://node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn/setcookie.php # 将url中cookie存放在指定文件中
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /root/cookie.txt
# Netscape HTTP Cookie File
# http://curl.haxx.se/docs/http-cookies.html
# This file was generated by libcurl! Edit at your own risk.
node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn FALSE / FALSE 0 department IT
node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn FALSE / FALSE 1575993782 user Jason
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
9>.”-X/–request “案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl -X PUT www.baidu.com #向服务端发送指定请求的方法，此处我们指定的方法是PUT，下面依次提交的方法是GET,DELETE以及POST方法。
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl -X GET www.baidu.com
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl -X DELETE www.baidu.com
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl -X POST www.baidu.com
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
10>.”-D/–dump-header “案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll
total 0
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl -D yinzhengjie.html http://node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn #显示整个网页数据，并将响应头信息存入yinzhengjie.html
尹正杰到此一游
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 252 Dec 10 23:35 yinzhengjie.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat yinzhengjie.html
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2019 15:35:18 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) PHP/5.4.16
Last-Modified: Tue, 10 Dec 2019 14:17:04 GMT
ETag: "1f-5995a2a997640"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 31
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
11>.”-u/–user [user:password]“案例
如下图所示,我用自己的用户名登陆我们公司的OA账号信息。
12>.查看帮助
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl --help
Usage: curl [options...]
Options: (H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only --anyauth Pick
"any" authentication method (H) -a, --append Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP) --basic Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H) --cacert FILE CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL) --capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against (SSL) -E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password (SSL) --cert-type TYPE Certificate file
type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL) --ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use (SSL) --compressed Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip) -K, --config FILE Specify
which config file to
read --connect-timeout SECONDS Maximum time allowed
for connection -C, --
continue-at OFFSET Resumed transfer offset -b, --cookie STRING/FILE String or file to
read cookies from (H) -c, --cookie-jar FILE Write cookies to this file after operation (H) --create-dirs Create necessary
local directory hierarchy --crlf Convert LF to CRLF
in upload --crlfile FILE Get a CRL list
in PEM format from the given file -d, --data DATA HTTP POST data (H) --data-ascii DATA HTTP POST ASCII data (H) --data-binary DATA HTTP POST binary data (H) --data-urlencode DATA HTTP POST data url encoded (H) --delegation STRING GSS-API delegation permission --digest Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H) --
disable-eprt Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F) --
disable-epsv Inhibit using EPSV (F) -D, --dump-header FILE Write the headers to this file --egd-file FILE EGD socket path
for random data (SSL) --engine ENGINGE Crypto engine (SSL).
"--engine list"
for list -f, --fail Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H) -F, --form CONTENT Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H) --form-string STRING Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H) --ftp-account DATA Account data string (F) --ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND String to replace
"USER [name]" (F) --ftp-create-dirs Create the remote
dirs
if not present (F) --ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD] Control CWD usage (F) --ftp-pasv Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F) -P, --ftp-port ADR Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F) --ftp-skip-pasv-ip Skip the IP address
for PASV (F) --ftp-pret Send PRET before PASV (
for drftpd) (F) --ftp-ssl-ccc Send CCC after authenticating (F) --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE Set CCC mode (F) --ftp-ssl-control Require SSL/TLS
for ftp login, clear
for transfer (F) -G, --get Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H) -g, --globoff Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and [] -H, --header LINE Custom header to pass to server (H) -I, --head Show document info only -h, --
help This
help text --hostpubmd5 MD5 Hex encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH) -0, --http1.0 Use HTTP 1.0 (H) --ignore-content-length Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header -i, --include Include protocol headers
in the output (H/F) -k, --insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H) --interface INTERFACE Specify network interface/address to use -4, --ipv4 Resolve name to IPv4 address -6, --ipv6 Resolve name to IPv6 address -j, --junk-session-cookies Ignore session cookies
read from file (H) --keepalive-time SECONDS Interval between keepalive probes --key KEY Private key file name (SSL/SSH) --key-type TYPE Private key file
type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL) --krb LEVEL Enable Kerberos with specified security level (F) --libcurl FILE Dump libcurl equivalent code of this
command line --
limit-rate RATE Limit transfer speed to this rate -l, --list-only List only names of an FTP directory (F) --
local-port RANGE Force use of these
local port numbers -L, --location Follow redirects (H) --location-trusted like --location and send auth to other hosts (H) -M, --manual Display the full manual --mail-from FROM Mail from this address --mail-rcpt TO Mail to this receiver(s) --mail-auth AUTH Originator address of the original email --max-filesize BYTES Maximum file size to download (H/F) --max-redirs NUM Maximum number of redirects allowed (H) -m, --max-time SECONDS Maximum time allowed
for the transfer --metalink Process given URLs as metalink XML file --negotiate Use HTTP Negotiate Authentication (H) -n, --netrc Must
read .netrc
for user name and password --netrc-optional Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n --netrc-file FILE Set up the netrc filename to use -N, --no-buffer Disable buffering of the output stream --no-keepalive Disable keepalive use on the connection --no-sessionid Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL) --noproxy List of hosts
which
do not use proxy --ntlm Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H) -o, --output FILE Write output to
instead of stdout --pass PASS Pass phrase
for the private key (SSL/SSH) --post301 Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H) --post302 Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H) --post303 Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H) -
#, --progress-bar Display transfer progress as a progress bar --proto PROTOCOLS Enable/
disable specified protocols --proto-redir PROTOCOLS Enable/
disable specified protocols on redirect -x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Use proxy on given port --proxy-anyauth Pick
"any" proxy authentication method (H) --proxy-basic Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H) --proxy-digest Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H) --proxy-negotiate Use Negotiate authentication on the proxy (H) --proxy-ntlm Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H) -U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD] Proxy user and password --proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT] Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port -p, --proxytunnel Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT) --pubkey KEY Public key file name (SSH) -Q, --quote CMD Send
command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP) --random-file FILE File
for reading random data from (SSL) -r, --range RANGE Retrieve only the bytes within a range --raw Do HTTP
"raw", without any transfer decoding (H) -e, --referer Referer URL (H) -J, --remote-header-name Use the header-provided filename (H) -O, --remote-name Write output to a file named as the remote file --remote-name-all Use the remote file name
for all URLs -R, --remote-time Set the remote file
's time on the local output -X, --request COMMAND Specify request command to use --resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS --retry NUM Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur --retry-delay SECONDS When retrying, wait this many seconds between each --retry-max-time SECONDS Retry only within this period -S, --show-error Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur -s, --silent Silent mode. Don't output anything --socks4 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port --socks4a HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port --socks5 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port --socks5-basic Enable username/password auth
for SOCKS5 proxies --socks5-gssapi Enable GSS-API auth
for SOCKS5 proxies --socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy --socks5-gssapi-service NAME SOCKS5 proxy service name
for gssapi --socks5-gssapi-nec Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server -Y, --speed-limit RATE Stop transfers below speed-limit
for
'speed-time' secs -y, --speed-time SECONDS Time
for trig speed-limit abort. Defaults to 30 --ssl Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP) --ssl-reqd Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP) -2, --sslv2 Use SSLv2 (SSL) -3, --sslv3 Use SSLv3 (SSL) --ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL) --stderr FILE Where to redirect stderr. - means stdout --tcp-nodelay Use the TCP_NODELAY option -t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL Set telnet option --tftp-blksize VALUE Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512) -z, --time-cond TIME Transfer based on a time condition -1, --tlsv1 Use => TLSv1 (SSL) --tlsv1.0 Use TLSv1.0 (SSL) --tlsv1.1 Use TLSv1.1 (SSL) --tlsv1.2 Use TLSv1.2 (SSL) --trace FILE Write a debug trace to the given file --trace-ascii FILE Like --trace but without the hex output --trace-time Add time stamps to trace/verbose output --tr-encoding Request compressed transfer encoding (H) -T, --upload-file FILE Transfer FILE to destination --url URL URL to work with -B, --use-ascii Use ASCII/text transfer -u, --user USER[:PASSWORD] Server user and password --tlsuser USER TLS username --tlspassword STRING TLS password --tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication
type (default SRP) --unix-socket FILE Connect through this UNIX domain socket -A, --user-agent STRING User-Agent to send to server (H) -v, --verbose Make the operation more talkative -V, --version Show version number and quit -w, --write-out FORMAT What to output after completion --xattr Store metadata
in extended file attributes -q If used as the first parameter disables .curlrc [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]
# re
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl –help
elinks工具
1>.安装elinks工具
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install elinks
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel/x86_64/metalink | 8.6 kB 00:00:00
* base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 5.3 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates
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