MySQL保障安全不公开root账户授权
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为了确保MySQL数据库的安全性,建议不要公开root账户的授权,以下是一些建议和方法来实现这一目标:
1、创建新用户并授权
创建一个具有特定权限的新用户,而不是使用root账户进行操作,可以创建一个名为newuser
的用户,并为其分配适当的权限。
“`sql
CREATE USER ‘newuser’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘newuser’@’localhost’ WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
“`
2、限制远程访问
如果需要从远程主机访问MySQL数据库,请确保仅允许特定的IP地址或主机名进行连接,可以通过修改MySQL配置文件(如my.cnf
或my.ini
)来实现这一点。
在[mysqld]
部分添加以下内容:
“`
bindaddress = 127.0.0.1
“`
这将限制MySQL服务器仅接受来自本地主机的连接,如果要允许特定的远程主机连接,可以使用以下配置:
“`
bindaddress = 192.168.1.100
“`
3、使用SSL加密连接
为了提高安全性,建议使用SSL加密连接,需要在MySQL服务器上生成证书和密钥,将证书和密钥文件存储在安全的位置,并在客户端配置中指定它们。
在MySQL服务器上生成证书和密钥:
“`bash
sudo mysql_ssl_rsa_setup datadir=/var/lib/mysql/ certfile=/etc/mysql/servercert.pem keyfile=/etc/mysql/serverkey.pem
“`
在客户端配置中指定证书和密钥:
“`bash
[client]
user = newuser
password = password
sslca = /etc/mysql/servercert.pem
sslcert = /etc/mysql/clientcert.pem
sslkey = /etc/mysql/clientkey.pem
“`
4、定期更新密码和权限
为了确保数据库的安全,建议定期更新用户的密码和权限,可以使用以下命令来更改用户的密码:
“`sql
ALTER USER ‘newuser’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘newpassword’;
“`
5、监控和审计日志
启用MySQL的审计插件以记录所有对数据库的访问尝试,这有助于检测和防止未经授权的访问,要启用审计插件,请按照以下步骤操作:
安装审计插件:sudo aptget install libauditpluginsmysql
(Debian/Ubuntu)或sudo yum install auditlibsmysql
(CentOS/RHEL)
编辑MySQL配置文件(如my.cnf
或my.ini
),在[mysqld]
部分添加以下内容:
“`
log_output = TABLE audit_log_file = /var/log/mysql/audit.log general_log = 1 local_general_log = 1 general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/general.log long_query_time = 1 slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/slow.log server_id = 1 skipnameresolve skiphostcache skipshowdatabase skipevents_statements_application_latencies skipstatus update user set global event_scheduler = ON on audit_log_policy = ALL enable_audit_log_trigger = ON audit_log_filter = NULL audit_log_format = JSON audit_log_file_maintenance = ON audit_log_expire_date = NONE audit_log_rotation_age = 0 audit_log_rotation_size = 0 audit_log_space_limit = 0 audit_log_strategy = ALL audit_log_handlers = JSON,UNIX_LOGFILE,EXTENDED audit_connections = ON audit_tmpdir = /tmp audit_max_file_size = 1G audit_max_queued_connections = 500 audit_min_length = 8 audit_tablespaces = INNODB,ARIA,CSV,NONE audit_flush = IMMEDIATE audit_syslog = ON audit_logsyslog = ON audit_logerror = ON audit_hostname = %HOSTNAME% audit_pid = %PID% audit_socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock audit_port = 3306 audit_enable_statechanges = ON audit_enforcedprivileges = NONE audit_skippedhosts = NONE audit_skippedusers = NONE audit_skippeddbs = NONE audit_skippedtables = NONE audit_skippedcolumns = NONE audit_skippedevents = NONE audit_ignoredusers = NONE audit_ignoreddbs = NONE audit_ignoredtables = NONE audit_ignoredcolumns = NONE audit_ignoredevents = NONE audit_ignoredcommands = NONE audit_ignoredconnections = NONE audit_ignoredstatements = NONE audit_ignoredresultsets = NONE audit_ignoredwarnings = NONE audit_ignorederrors = NONE audit_ignoredtimeouts = NONE audit_ignorednoops = NONE audit_ignoredauthentications = NONE audit_ignoredlocks = NONE audit_ignoredmetadatachanges = NONE audit_ignoredtransactions = NONE audit_ignoredtemporalchanges = NONE audit_ignoredautoincchanges = NONE audit_ignoredbinlogchanges = NONE audit_ignoredxachanges = NONE audit_ignoredenginechanges = NONE audit_ignoredrowlevelevents = NONE audit_ignoredstatementthrottles = NONE audit_ignoredreplicationapplierdelays = NONE audit_ignoredreplicationappliererrors = NONE audit_ignoredreplicationapplierwarnings = NONE audit_ignoredreplicationapplierstatusupdates = NONE audit_ignoredreplicationapplierheartbeats = NONE audit_ignoredreplicationapplierstatusmessages = NONE audit_ignoredreplicationapplierschemachanges = NONE audit
新闻名称:MySQL保障安全不公开root账户授权
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