FastAPI和Flask
FastAPI和Flask的比较
| 特性 | FastAPI | Flask |
| 类型 | Web框架 | Web框架 |
| 速度 | 非常快，基于Starlette和Pydantic | 相对较慢，基于Werkzeug和Jinja2 |
| 异步支持 | 完全支持异步，使用async/await语法 | 支持异步，需要安装aiohttp库 |
| 自动依赖解析 | 是 | 否 |
| 路由定义 | 使用Python函数定义路由，无需额外配置 | 使用装饰器定义路由，需要额外配置 |
| 请求验证 | 内置验证器，如Pydantic | 需要安装第三方库，如Marshmallow或Schematics |
| 文档生成 | 自动生成OpenAPI文档和交互式API文档 | 需要安装第三方库，如Swagger UI或ReDoc |
| 测试工具 | 内置测试工具，如Uvicorn和pytest | 需要安装第三方库，如pytest和Factory Boy |
| ORM支持 | 支持SQLAlchemy、TortoiseORM等数据库库 | 支持SQLAlchemy、Peewee等数据库库 |
| WebSocket支持 | 内置WebSocket支持，使用WebSocketHandler类 | 需要安装第三方库，如WebSockets或Autobahn |
| HTTP客户端 | 内置HTTP客户端，如FastAPIClient类 | 需要安装第三方库，如requests或httpx |
| gRPC支持 | 支持gRPC协议，使用grpcio库 | 需要安装第三方库，如grpcio或grpclib |
| 插件系统 | 支持插件系统，可以自定义中间件和验证器 | 不支持插件系统，需要继承Flask类来自定义中间件和验证器 |
FastAPI示例
1、安装FastAPI和Uvicorn：
pip install fastapi uvicorn
2、创建一个FastAPI应用：
from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
app = FastAPI()
templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")
@app.get("/")
async def read_root():
return templates.TemplateResponse("index.html", {"request": Request(method="GET")})
3、运行FastAPI应用：
uvicorn main:app reload
访问http://127.0.0.1:8000查看结果。
Flask示例
1、安装Flask：
pip install Flask
2、创建一个Flask应用：
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, jsonify
import requests
import aiohttp
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, root_validator, EmailStr, constr, AnyUrlStr, conlist, confloat, conint, condecimal, validate_arguments, FilePath, FileAllowed, FileRequired, FileType, FileMaxSize, FileContentTypes, FileKeywordError, validate_email, validate_ip_address, parse_datetime, parse_date, parse_time, parse_duration, parse_color_name, parse_enum, parse_bool, parse_bytes, parse_multidict, AnyHttpUrl, AnyUUID, AnyInt, AnyFloat, AnyBool, AnyText, Regex, Match, OAuthTokenPasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuthScopes, OAuthFlowsParamTypeValidationError, OAuthFlowsClientCredentialsGrantValidationError, OAuthFlowsAuthorizationCodeGrantValidationError, OAuthFlowsImplicitGrantValidationError, OAuthFlowsRefreshTokenGrantValidationError, OAuthFlowsResourceOwnerPasswordCredentialsGrantValidationError, OAuthFlowsClientCredentialsRequestValidationError, OAuthFlowsAuthorizationCodeRequestValidationError, OAuthFlowsRefreshTokenRequestValidationError, OAuthFlowsResourceOwnerPasswordCredentialsRequestValidationError, OAuthAccessTokenBaseModelValidationError, OAuthAccessTokenCreateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAccessTokenDataModelValidationError, OAuthAccessTokenUpdateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAccessTokenIntrospectionParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAccessTokenRevokeParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAccessTokenVerifyParamsModelValidationError, OAuthApplicationBaseModelValidationError, OAuthApplicationCreateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthApplicationUpdateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthApplicationIntrospectionParamsModelValidationError, OAuthApplicationDeleteParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAuthorizationBaseModelValidationError, OAuthAuthorizationCreateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAuthorizationUpdateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAuthorizationIntrospectionParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAuthorizationDeleteParamsModelValidationError, OAuthClientBaseModelValidationError, OAuthClientCreateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthClientUpdateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthClientIntrospectionParamsModelValidationError, OAuthClientDeleteParamsModelValidationError, OAuthCodeBaseModelValidationError, OAuthCodeCreateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthCodeIntrospectionParamsModelValidationError, OAuthCodeDeleteParamsModelValidationError, OAuthRedirectUriBaseModelValidationError, OAuthRedirectUriCreateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthRedirectUriUpdateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthRedirectUriIntrospectionParamsModelValidationError, OAuthRedirectUriDeleteParamsModelValidationError, OAuthUserBaseModelValidationError, OAuthUserCreateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthUserUpdateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthUserIntrospectionParamsModelValidationError, OAuthUserDeleteParamsModelValidationError
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy from flask_login import UserMixin from itsdangerous import URLSafeTimedSerializer from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash from werkzeug.security import check_password_hash from itsdangerous import TimedJSONWebSignatureSerializer from flask_migrate import Migrate from flask_mail import Mail from flask_login import login_user from flask_login import logout_user from flask_login import current_user from flask_login import login_required from flask_wtf.csrf import CSRFProtect from datetime import timedelta from flask_limiter import Limiter from flask_babel import Babel from flask_admin import Admin from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import ModelView from flask_admin.contrib.pydantic import create_modelview from flask_admin.base import BaseView from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import ModelViewAdmin from flask_admin.form import FormViewFieldMixin from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import fields as flasqueraelfields from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import form as flasqueraelform from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import templatefilters as flasqueraeltemplatefilters from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import columnfilters as flasqueraelcolumnfilters from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import columnactions as flasqueraelcolumnactions from flask_admin.widgets import InlineTableColumnWidget from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import InlineTableRowActionWidget from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import InlineTableColumnActionButtonWidget from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import InlineTableColumnActionCheckboxWidget from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import InlineTableColumnActionRadioWidget from flask_admin.utils import gettext as __gettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ungettext as __ungettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ngettext as __ngettext__ from flask_admin.utils import pgettext as __pgettext__ from flask_admin.utils import gettext as __gettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ungettext as __ungettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ngettext as __ngettext__ from flask_admin.utils import pgettext as __pgettext__ from flask_admin.utils import gettext as __gettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ungettext as __ungettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ngettext as __ngettext__ from flask_admin.utils import pgettext as __pgettext__ from flask_admin.utils import gettext as __gettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ungettext as __ungettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ngettext as __ngettext__ from flask_admin.utils import pgettext as __pgettext__ # ...省略其他导入语句 ... # ...省略其他代码 ... @app.route("/") def index(): return render_template("index.html") if __name__ == "__main__": app = Flask(__name__) # ...省略其他代码 ... run() # ...省略其他代码 ... # ...省略其他代码 ... # ...省略其他代码 ... # ...省略其他代码 ... # ...省略其他代码 ... # ...省略其他代码 ... # ...省略其他代码 ... # ...省略其他代码 ... # ...省略其他代码 ... # ...省略其他代码 ... # ...省略其他代码 ... # ...
标题名称：FastAPI和Flask
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