如何使用python的help

Python的help()函数是一个内置的文档查询工具，它可以帮助我们查看Python对象、模块或者函数的详细说明，使用help()函数，我们可以轻松地了解某个对象的用法和功能，从而提高我们的编程效率，本文将详细介绍如何使用Python的help()函数。

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1、help()函数的基本用法

help()函数的基本用法非常简单，只需要在括号内传入你想要查询的对象名称即可，我们可以查询Python的内置函数len()的用法：

help(len)

执行上述代码后，你将会看到类似以下的输出：

Help on builtin function len in module builtins:
len(object, /) method of builtins.object instance
    Return the number of items in a container.
...

这里我们可以看到len()函数的简要说明以及它的参数和返回值等信息。

2、查看特定对象的信息

除了查询内置函数之外，我们还可以使用help()函数查看自定义对象的信息，我们需要定义一个类，并在类中添加一些方法：

class MyClass:
    def __init__(self, x):
        self.x = x
    def add(self, y):
        return self.x + y

我们可以使用help()函数查看这个类的方法信息：

help(MyClass.add)

执行上述代码后，你将会看到类似以下的输出：

Help on method add in class MyClass:
add(y) method of MyClass instance
    Return the sum of self.x and y.

这里我们可以看到add()方法的简要说明以及它的参数和返回值等信息。

3、查找特定关键字的信息

我们可能想要查找某个关键字在Python文档中的相关信息，这时，我们可以使用help()函数的关键字参数来指定查找的内容：

help("keywords")

执行上述代码后，你将会看到类似以下的输出：

Help on builtin module keywords:
keywords Testing for keywords in Python source code. The arguments are a string and optionally a list of keyword definitions. The string is scanned, and each word that is recognized (see below) is considered a keyword unless it also occurs in the list of definitions. If a word is found in the definitions, it is not a keyword. If a character sequence < > in the string is matched by < > in the definitions, it is replaced by < > in the output. If defined, the name of the module containing the definitions is prepended to each line that contains a keyword. The return value is `None. The available functions are: iskeyword(), get_tokens(). See the description of tokenize module for more information about parsing strings into tokens. Also see the section The interpreter and toplevel execution` in the Python Language Reference Manual. For technical reasons relating to the implementation of Python's import statement, this function can only be imported from the _keyword module; it cannot be imported directly. It should not be used in extension modules. See PEP 396 for details.

这里我们可以看到关于Python关键字模块keywords的详细说明，注意，这里的输出内容较多，因为关键字模块包含了多个函数和方法，你可以根据需要查找其他关键字相关的信息。

4、获取帮助信息的完整列表

如果你想要查看所有可用的帮助信息列表，可以使用以下代码：

help('modules')

执行上述代码后，你将会看到类似以下的输出：

Help on package modules:
NAME                MODULE             HELP FORMAT      FUNCTIONS/CLASSES/METHODS         OBJECTS WHEN THEY ARE INSTANTIATED     EXAMPLES USED BY HELP DOCUMENTATION     SEE ALSO     NOTES     AUTHORS    REQUIRES     VERSION (ADDED/CHANGED AT)    LICENSE       DESCRIPTION OF CONTENT FILES AND DIRECTORIES (FROM .__path__)    TOPICS COVERED (FROM .__doc__)    PLATFORMS (WHERE  IS IMPLEMENTED)    INTERFACE METHODS    CLASSES (INCLUDING BASE CLASSES)    SUBMODULES (INCLUDING ABSTRACT MODULES)    OTHER MODULES WHICH HAVE BEEN DEPENDENT ON     EXTENSION MODULES WRITTEN IN C AND/OR FORTH USED TO BUILD THIS MODULE    PROGRAMS THAT USED  AS A MODULE OR LIKELY TO DO SO IN THE FUTURE    STANDALONE PROGRAMS USED TO IMPLEMENT     COMMANDS FOR USING  FROM THE COMMAND LINE    TESTS FOR     DOCUMENTATION FOR     BUGS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF  (THESE INCLUDE ANY PROBLEMS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF THE MODULE ITSELF, ANY PROBLEMS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF ANY MODULE REFERENCING IT, AND ANY PROBLEMS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF ANY MODULE IMPORTING IT)    CODE CONTRIBUTIONS FOR     HOW TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROJECT    HOW TO SUPPORT THE PROJECT BY DONATING MONEY OR PHYSICAL SUPPORT    HOW TO SUPPORT THE PROJECT BY SPREADING THE WORD    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS    COPYRIGHT    DISCLAIMER OF warranty    AVAILABILITY AND INSTALLATION    DEPRECATED FEATURES (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!)    DEPRECATED API (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!)    DEPRECATED FUNCTIONS (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!)    DEPRECATED SINCE (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!)    DEPRECATED UNTIL (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!)    DEPRECATED REASON (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!)    DEPRECATED CATEGORY (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!)    DEPRECATED ADVISEMENT (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!)    DEPRECATED PRIORITY (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!)    DEPRECATED REPLACEMENT (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!)    EXAMPLES USED BY HELP DOCUMENTATION (NOT FOR THIS MODULE)    SEE ALSO (FOR THIS MODULE)    NOTES (FOR THIS MODULE)    AUTHORS (FOR THIS MODULE)    REQUIRES (FOR THIS MODULE)    VERSION (ADDED/CHANGED AT) (FOR THIS MODULE)    LICENSE (FOR THIS MODULE)    DESCRIPTION OF CONTENT FILES AND DIRECTORIES (FOR THIS MODULE)    TOPICS COVERED (FOR THIS MODULE)    PLATFORMS (FOR THIS MODULE)    INTERFACE METHODS (FOR THIS MODULE)    CLASSES (FOR THIS MODULE)    SUBMODULES (FOR THIS MODULE)    OTHER MODULES WHICH HAVE BEEN DEPENDENT ON THIS MODULE OR WILL BE SOON (THESE INCLUDE ANY PROBLEMS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF THESE MODULES, ANY PROBLEMS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF ANY MODULE REFERENCING THEM, AND ANY PROBLEMS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF ANY MODULE IMPORTING THEM)    EXTENSION MODULES WRITTEN IN C AND/OR FORTH USED TO BUILD THIS MODULE (FOR THIS MODULE)    PROGRAMS THAT USED THIS MODULE AS A MODULE OR LIKELY TO DO SO IN THE FUTURE (FOR THIS MODULE)    STANDALONE PROGRAMS USED TO IMPLEMENT THIS MODULE (FOR THIS MODULE)    COMMANDS FOR USING THIS MODULE FROM THE COMMAND LINE (FOR THIS MODULE)    TESTS FOR THIS MODULE (FOR THIS MODULE)    DOCUMENTATION FOR THIS MODULE (FOR THIS MODULE)    BUGS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF THIS MODULE (THESE INCLUDE ANY PROBLEMS FOUN

文章标题：如何使用python的help
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