在CentOS 7上安装OpenStack Mitaka版本

前言：openstack真是一个庞然大物，想要吃透还真不容易，所以在对openstack大概有了一个了解的时候，就应该是部署，虽然openstack的安装方式有rdo或者devstack等一键安装工具，但是最好浅尝辄止，有了大概的使用经验之后就应该是从头到尾的安装一遍了，不然对于那些报错，以及故障的解决一定是不够气定神闲的，因此，当你有了openstack的基本认识后，开始安装吧~

注：openstack的官方文档写得真的是，好的不要不要的，但是看英文总是感觉有点不溜，因此在官方文档的基础上写得这篇笔记。

下面是小编为你精选的Openstack相关知识，看看是否有你喜欢的：

首先应该是大概的规划，需要几个节点，选择什么操作系统，网络怎么划分~

下面是我的大概规划

节点数：2 (控制节点，计算节点)

操作系统：CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

网络配置：

控制节点： 10.0.0.101 192.168.15.101

结算节点： 10.0.0.102 192.168.15.102

先决条件：

The following minimum requirements should support a proof-of-concept environment with core services and several CirrOS instances:

Controller Node: 1 processor, 4 GB memory, and 5 GB storage

Compute Node: 1 processor, 2 GB memory, and 10 GB storage

官方建议概念验证的最小硬件需求。

控制节点 1 处理器，4 GB内存，5 GB硬盘

计算节点 1 处理器，2 GB内存，10 GB硬盘

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
config.vm.box = "centos7"
node_servers = { :control => ['10.0.0.101','192.168.15.101'],
:compute => ['10.0.0.102','192.168.15.102']
}
node_servers.each do |node_name,node_ip|
config.vm.define node_name do |node_config|
node_config.vm.host_name = node_name.to_s
node_config.vm.network :private_network,ip: node_ip[0]
node_config.vm.network :private_network,ip: node_ip[1],virtualbox_inet: true
config.vm.boot_timeout = 300
node_config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
v.memory = 4096
v.cpus = 1
end
end
end
end

通过vagrant up一条命令，稍等一会，两个热腾腾的虚拟机就出炉了，我们的环境就OK了~~

环境如下

操作系统：CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

网络配置：

控制节点： 10.0.0.101 192.168.15.101

结算节点： 10.0.0.102 192.168.15.102

注意：上面的config.vm.box = "centos7"，首先需要有个centos7的box

在开始部署前，我们先捋一捋openstack安装步骤

首先是软件环境准备，我们需要将一些通用的软件以及源仓库等进行配置，基本如下

NTP服务器

控制节点，其他节点

openstack 安装包仓库

通用组件：

SQL 数据库 ===> MariaDB

NoSQL 数据库 ==> MongoDB(基本组件不需要，)

消息队列 ==> RabbitMQ

Memcached

再就是openstack整个框架下的各个组件，基本组件如下

认证服务 ===> Keystone

镜像服务 ===> Glance

计算资源服务 ===> Nova

网络资源服务 ===> Neutron

Dashboard ===> Horizon

块存储服务 ===> Cinder

其他存储服务，如下

文件共享服务 ===> Manila

对象存储服务 ===> Swift

其他组件，如下

编排服务 ===> Heat

遥测服务 ===> Ceilometer

数据库服务 ===> Trove

环境准备

域名解析：

在各个节点编辑hosts文件,加入以下配置

10.0.0.101 controller

10.0.0.102 compute

ntp时间服务器

控制节点

1) 安装chrony软件包

yum install chrony

2) 编辑配置文件 /etc/chrony.conf，添加以下内容，202.108.6.95可根据自己需求自行更改。

server 202.108.6.95 iburst

allow 10.0.0.0/24

3)加入自启动，并启动

# systemctl enable chronyd.service

# systemctl start chronyd.service

其他节点

1) 安装chrony软件包

yum install chrony

2) 编辑配置文件 /etc/chrony.conf，添加以下内容

server controller iburst

allow 10.0.0.0/24

3)加入自启动，并启动

# systemctl enable chronyd.service

# systemctl start chronyd.service

验证：

控制节点

chronyc sources

210 Number of sources = 2

MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample

=============================================================

^- 192.0.2.11 2 7 12 137 -2814us[-3000us] +/- 43ms

^* 192.0.2.12 2 6 177 46 +17us[ -23us] +/- 68ms

其他节点

# chronyc sources

210 Number of sources = 1

MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample

===============================================================================

^* controller 3 9 377 421 +15us[ -87us] +/- 15ms

openstack 安装包仓库

安装相应openstack版本yum源

yum install centos-release-openstack-mitaka

系统更新

yum upgrade

注：如果系统内核有更新，需要重启

安装openstackclient，openstack-selinux

yum install python-openstackclient
yum install openstack-selinux

注：如果报什么 Package does not match intended download，则yum clean all或者直接下载rpm包安装吧。

SQL数据库

安装

1 yum install mariadb mariadb-server python2-PyMySQL

创建/etc/my.cnf.d/openstack.cnf配置文件，加入以下内容

#绑定IP
[mysqld]
bind-address = 10.0.0.11
#设置字符集等
default-storage-engine = innodb .
innodb_file_per_table
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
character-set-server = utf8

配置启动项，启动等

systemctl enable mariadb.service
systemctl start mariadb.service

数据库初始化，创建root密码等，操作如下

mysql_secure_installation

Enter current password for root (enter for none):[Enter]

Set root password? [Y/n] Y

New password: openstack

Re-enter new password:openstack

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

消息队列rabbitmq

安装

yum install rabbitmq-server

配置启动项，启动

systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service
systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service

添加openstack用户

rabbitmqctl add_user openstack RABBIT_PASS

设置openstack用户的权限，依次分别为写，读，访问

rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*"".*"".*"

NoSQL Mongodb

安装

yum install mongodb-server mongodb

配置/etc/mongod.conf配置文件

bind_ip = 10.0.0.11
#smallfile=true可选
smallfiles = true

配置启动项，启动

# systemctl enable mongod.service
# systemctl start mongod.service

Memcached

安装

# yum install memcached python-memcached

配置启动项，启动

# systemctl enable memcached.service
# systemctl start memcached.service

至此，openstack整个框架的软件环境基本搞定，下面就是各组件了。

安装各组件很有意思，除了keystone基本上是差不多的步骤，唯一的区别就是创建时指定的名字不同而已，基本是一般以下步骤。

1)配置数据库

create database xxx
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'xxxx'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'XXXX_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'xxxx'@'%' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'XXXX_DBPASS';

2)安装

yum install xxx

3)配置文件

配置各项服务的连接,比如数据库，rabbitmq等

认证配置

特定配置

5)数据库同步

创建需要的表

4)加入启动项，启动

# systemctl enable openstack-xxx.service
# systemctl start openstack-xxxx.service

5)创建用户，service，endpoint等

openstack user create xxx
openstack service create xxx
openstack endpoint create xxx

6)验证服务是否成功

注：配置文件的配置建议首先备份，然后为了省略不必要的篇幅，在此说明配置文件的编辑方式，如下。

[DEFAULT]

...

admin_token = ADMIN_TOKEN

上面的内容，指明在[DEFAULT]的段落加入admin_token = ADMIN_TOKEN内容。

各组件安装

认证服务 Keystone

配置数据库

$ mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE keystone;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';

安装

# yum install openstack-keystone httpd mod_wsgi

配置文件/etc/keystone/keystone.conf

admin令牌

[DEFAULT]
...
admin_token = ADMIN_TOKEN

数据库

[database]
...
connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@controller/keystone

令牌生成方式

[token]
...
provider = fernet

注：上面的ADMIN_TOKEN可用openssl rand -hex 10命令生成，或者填入一串自定义的字符串

数据库同步

# su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone

初始化fernet秘钥。

# keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone

配置Apache

编辑/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

更改一下内容

ServerName controller

创建/etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi-keystone.conf配置文件，加入以下内容

Listen 5000
Listen 35357

WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-public processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}
WSGIProcessGroup keystone-public
WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/bin/keystone-wsgi-public
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
WSGIPassAuthorization On
ErrorLogFormat "%{cu}t %M"
ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-error.log
CustomLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-access.log combined

Require all granted

WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-admin processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}
WSGIProcessGroup keystone-admin
WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/bin/keystone-wsgi-admin
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
WSGIPassAuthorization On
ErrorLogFormat "%{cu}t %M"
ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-error.log
CustomLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-access.log combined

Require all granted

配置启动项，启动

# systemctl enable httpd.service
# systemctl start httpd.service

创建service，API endpoint

为了避免不必要的篇幅，将admin_token，endpoint url配置到环境变量。

$ export OS_TOKEN=ADMIN_TOKEN
$ export OS_URL=http://controller:35357/v3
$ export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3

创建service

$ openstack service create \
--name keystone --description "OpenStack Identity" identity

创建endpoint，依次有public，internal，admin

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
identity public http://controller:5000/v3
$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
identity internal http://controller:5000/v3
$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
identity admin http://controller:35357/v3

创建域，项目，用户，角色 domain,project,user,role

创建domain

openstack domain create --description "Default Domain" default

创建project

openstack user create --domain default \
--password-prompt admin

创建admin role

openstack role create admin

将admin角色加入admin项目中

openstack role add --project admin --user admin admin

创建service项目

openstack project create --domain default \
--description "Service Project" service

创建demo项目

openstack project create --domain default \
--description "Demo Project" demo

创建demo用户

openstack user create --domain default \
--password-prompt demo

创建user角色

openstack role create user

将user角色加入到demo项目中

openstack role add --project demo --user demo user

注：记住创建用户时的密码。

验证admin用户

unset OS_TOKEN OS_URL
openstack --os-auth-url http://controller:35357/v3 \
--os-project-domain-name default --os-user-domain-name default \
--os-project-name admin --os-username admin token issue

Password:

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

| Field | Value |

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

| expires | 2016-02-12T20:14:07.056119Z |

| id | gAAAAABWvi7_B8kKQD9wdXac8MoZiQldmjEO643d-e_j-XXq9AmIegIbA7UHGPv |

| | atnN21qtOMjCFWX7BReJEQnVOAj3nclRQgAYRsfSU_MrsuWb4EDtnjU7HEpoBb4 |

| | o6ozsA_NmFWEpLeKy0uNn_WeKbAhYygrsmQGA49dclHVnz-OMVLiyM9ws |

| project_id | 343d245e850143a096806dfaefa9afdc |

| user_id | ac3377633149401296f6c0d92d79dc16 |

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

验证demo用户

$ openstack --os-auth-url http://controller:5000/v3 \
--os-project-domain-name default --os-user-domain-name default \
--os-project-name demo --os-username demo token issue

Password:

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

| Field | Value |

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

| expires | 2016-02-12T20:15:39.014479Z |

| id | gAAAAABWvi9bsh7vkiby5BpCCnc-JkbGhm9wH3fabS_cY7uabOubesi-Me6IGWW |

| | yQqNegDDZ5jw7grI26vvgy1J5nCVwZ_zFRqPiz_qhbq29mgbQLglbkq6FQvzBRQ |

| | JcOzq3uwhzNxszJWmzGC7rJE_H0A_a3UFhqv8M4zMRYSbS2YF0MyFmp_U |

| project_id | ed0b60bf607743088218b0a533d5943f |

| user_id | 58126687cbcc4888bfa9ab73a2256f27 |

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

如果有以上格式返回，验证通过

admin，demo用户的环境变量脚本

正常情况下，当然吧诸如os-xxxx的参数放在环境变量中，为了更快的在admin，demo用户之间切换，创建环境脚本

创建admin-openrc

export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=ADMIN_PASS
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:35357/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2

创建demo-openrc

export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=demo
export OS_USERNAME=demo
export OS_PASSWORD=DEMO_PASS
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2

在此验证admin

首先 . admin-openrc

$ openstack token issue

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

| Field | Value |

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

| expires | 2016-02-12T20:44:35.659723Z |

| id | gAAAAABWvjYj-Zjfg8WXFaQnUd1DMYTBVrKw4h3fIagi5NoEmh21U72SrRv2trl |

| | JWFYhLi2_uPR31Igf6A8mH2Rw9kv_bxNo1jbLNPLGzW_u5FC7InFqx0yYtTwa1e |

| | eq2b0f6-18KZyQhs7F3teAta143kJEWuNEYET-y7u29y0be1_64KYkM7E |

| project_id | 343d245e850143a096806dfaefa9afdc |

| user_id | ac3377633149401296f6c0d92d79dc16 |

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

镜像服务 Glance

配置数据库

$ mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE glance;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';

创建service，user，role

$ . admin-openrc
$ openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt glance
$ openstack role add --project service --user glance admin

创建endpoint，依次有public，internal，admin

$ openstack service create --name glance \
--description "OpenStack Image" image
$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
image public http://controller:9292
$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
image internal http://controller:9292
$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
image admin http://controller:9292

安装

# yum install openstack-glance

配置文件/etc/glance/glance-api.conf

数据库

[database]
...
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance

keystone认证

[keystone_authtoken]
...
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:35357
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = GLANCE_PASS
[paste_deploy]
...
flavor = keystone

glance存储

[glance_store]
...
stores = file,http
default_store = file
filesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/images/

配置文件/etc/glance/glance-registry.conf

数据库

[database]
...
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance

keystone认证

# su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance

启动

# systemctl enable openstack-glance-api.service \
openstack-glance-registry.service
# systemctl start openstack-glance-api.service \
openstack-glance-registry.service

验证

$ . admin-openrc

下载cirros镜像

$ wget

http://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.3.4/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img

创建镜像

$ openstack image create "cirros" \
--file cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img \
--disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare \
--public

如果执行以下命令，显示如下，则成功

$ openstack image list
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| ID | Name |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| 38047887-61a7-41ea-9b49-27987d5e8bb9 | cirros |
+--------------------------------------+--------+

计算资源服务 nova

控制节点

数据库

$ mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE nova_api;
CREATE DATABASE nova;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'%' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'%' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';

创建service，user，role

$ . admin-openrc
$ openstack user create --domain default \
--password-prompt nova
$ openstack role add --project service --user nova admin
$ openstack service create --name nova \
--description "OpenStack Compute" compute

创建endpoint，依次有public，internal，admin

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
compute public http://controller:8774/v2.1/%$tenant_id$s
$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
compute internal http://controller:8774/v2.1/%$tenant_id$s
$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
compute admin http://controller:8774/v2.1/%$tenant_id$s

安装

# yum install openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor \
openstack-nova-console openstack-nova-novncproxy \
openstack-nova-scheduler

配置文件/etc/nova/nova.conf

启用的api

[DEFAULT]
...
enabled_apis = osapi_compute,metadata
[api_database]
...
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller/nova_api

数据库

[database]
...
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller/nova

rabbitmq队列

[DEFAULT]
...
rpc_backend = rabbit
[oslo_messaging_rabbit]
...
rabbit_host = controller
rabbit_userid = openstack
rabbit_password = RABBIT_PASS

keystone认证

[DEFAULT]
...
auth_strategy = keystone
[keystone_authtoken]
...
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:35357
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = nova
password = NOVA_PASS

绑定ip

[DEFAULT]
...
my_ip = 10.0.0.101

支持neutron

[DEFAULT]
...
use_neutron = True
firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver

vnc配置

[vnc]
...
vncserver_listen = $my_ip
vncserver_proxyclient_address = $my_ip

glance配置

[glance]
...
api_servers = http://controller:9292

并发锁

[oslo_concurrency]
...
lock_path = /var/lib/nova/tmp

同步数据库

# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage api_db sync" nova
# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova

启动

# systemctl enable openstack-nova-api.service \
openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service \
openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service
# systemctl start openstack-nova-api.service \
openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service \
openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service

新闻名称：在CentOS 7上安装OpenStack Mitaka版本
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