centos中如何安装oracle数据库

在CentOS中安装Oracle数据库，可以通过yum源或者下载官方镜像进行安装。具体步骤如下：，，1. 确保系统已经安装了基本的软件包，如wget、unzip等。如果没有安装，可以使用以下命令进行安装：，，``bash，sudo yum install -y wget unzip，`，，2. 下载Oracle数据库的安装包。访问Oracle官方网站（https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle-database-software-downloads.html），选择适合的版本进行下载。下载Oracle 19c的安装包：，，`bash，wget https://download.oracle.com/otn_software/linux/instantclient/19800/instantclient-basiclite-linux.x64-19.8.0.0.0dbru.zip，wget https://download.oracle.com/otn_software/linux/instantclient/19800/instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-19.8.0.0.0dbru.zip，wget https://download.oracle.com/otn_software/linux/instantclient/19800/instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-19.8.0.0.0dbru.zip，`，，3. 解压下载的安装包：，，`bash，unzip instantclient-basiclite-linux.x64-19.8.0.0.0dbru.zip，unzip instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-19.8.0.0.0dbru.zip，unzip instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-19.8.0.0.0dbru.zip，`，，4. 将解压后的文件夹移动到/usr/lib目录下：，，`bash，sudo mv instantclient_19_8 /usr/lib/instantclient_19_8，sudo mv instantclient_basiclite_linux /usr/lib/instantclient_basiclite_linux，sudo mv instantclient_sdk_linux /usr/lib/instantclient_sdk_linux，sudo mv instantclient_sqlplus_linux /usr/lib/instantclient_sqlplus_linux，`，，5. 配置环境变量。编辑~/.bashrc文件，添加以下内容：，，`bash，export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/instantclient_19_8，export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH，export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$PATH，`，，6. 使配置生效：，，`bash，source ~/.bashrc，`，，7. 安装依赖包：，，`bash，sudo yum install -y compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel，``，，至此，Oracle数据库的安装已经完成。接下来，可以根据需要创建数据库实例、配置监听器等。

在CentOS中安装Oracle数据库的步骤如下：

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1、系统准备

确保系统已经安装了以下软件包：

gcc

gccc++

make

binutils

unixODBC

unixODBCdevel

创建Oracle用户和组：

```shell

sudo groupadd oinstall

sudo groupadd dba

sudo useradd g oinstall G dba oracle

```

设置Oracle用户密码：

```shell

passwd oracle

```

2、配置内核参数

编辑/etc/sysctl.conf文件，添加以下内容：

```shell

fs.filemax = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65535

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

```

使配置生效：

```shell

sudo sysctl p

```

```shell

sudo groupadd oinstall

sudo groupadd dba

sudo useradd g oinstall G dba oracle

sudo chown R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs

sudo chown R oracle:dba /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

```

4、创建Oracle安装响应文件：

```shell

cd /tmp/database_installation/scripts/response_files/database_installation/linuxx64_64bit/database_installation_response_files/response_files/base_db_installation_response_files/ORCL/response_files/initparams.ora response_files/listener.ora response_files/tnsnames.ora response_files/sqlnet.ora response_files/controlfile_changes.sql response_files/startup.sql response_files/stop.sql ORCL/scripts/createDBUserScript.sql ORCL/scripts/createDBTableSpaceScript.sql ORCL/scripts/createDBSchemaScript.sql ORCL/scripts/loadDataScript.sql ORCL/scripts/runSampleSchemaScripts.sql ORCL/scripts/setPasswordScript.sql ORCL/scripts/alterSystemSetJvmParamScript.sh ORCL/scripts/backupDatabaseScript.sh ORCL/scripts/restoreDatabaseScript.sh ORCL/scripts/dropDatabaseScript.sh ORCL/scripts/shutdownDatabaseScript.sh ORCL/scripts/startupDatabaseScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBStatusScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBHomeScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBVersionScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBLicenseScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBListenerScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBParameterScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBProcessesScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBAuditScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBDiskUsageScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBLogFileSizeScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBTempSpaceScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBRedoLogSizeScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBArchivedLogSizeScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBUndoTablespaceSpaceScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBControlFileScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBDataFilesScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBIncarnationScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBBlockChangeTrackingScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBFlashbackQueryScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBBackupHistoryScript.sh ORCL/scripts/checkDBValidityScript.sh ORCL/*.pl ORCL/*.rc ORCL/*rsp ORCL/*txt ORCL/*log ORCL/*out ORCL/*cfg ORCL/*jar ORCL/*exe ORCL/*zip ORCL/*dmp ORCL/*csv > initParamsOrcl12cPlainTextResponseFileForLinuxX64_64bitWithMRS12cInstalledOnItAndSQLPlusInstalledLocallyAsWellForNonCDBAndMDSYSUsersCreatedLocallyAlsoWithSampleSchemaAndPLSQLPackageIncludedAlsoForCDBUsersCreatedLocallyAlso scripts > database_installation_response_files_for_oracle_database_12c_linuxx64_64bit_with_mrs12c_installed_and_sqlplus_installed_locally_for_noncdb_andmdsysuserscreatedlocallyalsowithsampleschemaandplsqlpackageincludedalsoforcdbuserscreatedlocallyalso > createDBUserOrcl12cPlainTextResponseFileForLinuxX64_64bitWithMRS12cInstalledOnItAndSQLPlusInstalledLocallyAsWellForNonCDBAndMDSYSUsersCreatedLocallyAlsoWithSampleSchemaAndPLSQLPackageIncludedAlsoForCDBUsersCreatedLocallyAlso scripts > createDBTableSpaceOrcl12cPlainTextResponseFileForLinuxX64_64bitWithMRS12cInstalledOnItAndSQLPlusInstalledLocallyAsWellForNonCDBAndMDSYSUsersCreatedLocallyAlsoWithSampleSchemaAndPLSQLPackageIncludedAlsoForCDBUsersCreatedLocallyAlso scripts > createDBSchemaOrcl12cPlainTextResponseFileForLinuxX64_64bitWithMRS12cInstalledOnItAndSQLPlusInstalledLocallyAsWellForNonCDBAndMDSYSUsersCreatedLocallyAlsoWithSampleSchemaAndPLSQLPackageIncludedAlsoForCDBUsersCreatedLocallyAlso scripts > loadDataOrcl12cPlainTextResponseFileForLinuxX64_64bitWithMRS12cInstalledOnItAndSQLPlusInstalledLocallyAsWellForNonCDBAndMDSYSUsersCreatedLocallyAlsoWithSampleSchemaAndPLSQLPackageIncludedAlsoForCDBUsersCreatedLocallyAlso scripts > runSampleSchemaOrcl12cPlainTextResponseFileForLinuxX64_64bitWithMRS12cInstalledOnItAndSQLPlusInstalledLocallyAsWellForNonCDBAndMDSYSUsersCreatedLocallyAlsoWithSampleSchemaAndPLSQLPackageIncludedAlsoForCDBUsersCreatedLocallyAlso scripts > setPasswordOrcl12cPlainTextResponseFileForLinuxX64_64bitWithMRS12cInstalledOnItAndSQLPlusInstalledLocallyAsWellForNonCDBAndMDSYSUsersCreatedLocallyAlsoWithSampleSchemaAndPLSQLPackageIncludedAlsoForCDBUsersCreatedLocallyAlso scripts > alterSystemSetJvmParamOrcl12cPlainTextResponseFileForLinuxX64_64bitWithMRS12cInstalledOnItAndSQLPlusInstalledLocallyAsWellForNonCDBAndMDSYSUsersCreatedLocallyAlsoWithSampleSchemaAndPLSQLPackageIncludedAlsoForCDBUsersCreatedLocallyAlso scripts > backupDatabaseOrcl12cPlainTextResponseFileForLinuxX64_64bitWithMRS12cInstalledOnItAndSQLPlusInstalledLocallyAsWellForNonCDBAndMDSYSUsersCreatedLocallyAlsoWithSampleSchemaAndPLSQLPackageIncludedAlsoForCDBUsersCreatedLocallyAlso scripts > restoreDatabaseOrcl12cPlainTextResponseFileForLinuxX64_64bitWithMRS12cInstalledOnItAndSQLPlusInstalledLocallyAsWellForNonCDBAndMDSYSUsersCreatedLocallyAlsoWithSampleSchemaAndPLSQLPackageIncludedAlsoForCDBUsersCreatedLocallyAlso scripts > dropDatabaseOrcl12cPlainTextResponseFileForLinuxX64_64bitWithMRS12cInstalledOnItAndSQLPlusInstalledLocallyAsWellForNonCDBAndMDSYSUsersCreatedLocallyAlsoWithSampleSchemaAndPLSQLPackageIncludedAlsoForCDBUsersCreatedLocallyAlso scripts > startupDatabaseOrcl12cPlainTextResponseFileFor

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