怎么使用ubuntu架设dns服务器「ubuntu如何配置dns」

在Ubuntu上设置DNS服务器是一种常见的网络管理任务，它可以帮助你的局域网用户解析域名，以下是详细的步骤：

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1. 安装BIND9

你需要在你的Ubuntu系统上安装BIND9，这是一个开源的DNS服务器软件，打开终端，输入以下命令：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bind9

2. 配置BIND9

安装完成后，你需要配置BIND9，配置文件通常位于`/etc/bind`目录下，你可以使用文本编辑器打开主配置文件`named.conf`，使用nano编辑器，你可以输入以下命令：

sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf

在这个文件中，你需要设置你的区域名称服务器（通常为.in-addr.arpa）。

zone "example.com" {
    type master;
    file "/etc/bind/db.example.com";
};

你需要创建一个新的区域文件，例如`db.example.com`，并添加一些DNS记录，这些记录通常包括正向和反向查找。

$TTL    86400
@       IN      SOA     ns1.example.com. root.example.com. (
                              1         ; Serial
                         604800        ; Refresh
                          86400         ; Retry
                        2419200        ; Expire
                         604800 )       ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@       IN      NS      ns1.example.com.
ns1     IN      A       192.0.2.1
www     IN      A       192.0.2.2

3. 重启BIND9服务

配置完成后，你需要重启BIND9服务以使更改生效，在终端中输入以下命令：

sudo systemctl restart bind9

4. 设置防火墙规则

如果你的服务器启用了防火墙，你可能需要添加一些规则以允许DNS查询，在Ubuntu上，你可以使用UFW工具来管理防火墙规则，你可以使用以下命令允许对BIND9端口（通常是53）的传入和传出流量：

“`bash

sudo ufw allow from any to any port 53 protocol tcp # Allow incoming traffic for BIND9 service, e.g., for resolving domain names over DNS protocol on port 53. This is necessary if you are behind a NAT or firewall that does not allow outgoing traffic on the default port of your network connection (usually port 53). The ‘protocol tcp’ part of the command specifies that we want to allow only TCP traffic on the specified port number (in this case, port number 53). If you want to allow both incoming and outgoing traffic on this port, replace ‘any’ with an IP address range that matches your server’s public IP address(es). For example: ‘allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 53 protocol tcp’ would allow all clients within the range of IP addresses starting with ‘192’ followed by two sets of digits separated by a slash (e.g., ‘192.168.1’) up to a maximum of three sets of digits (e.g., ‘192.168.10’) to access port number 53 using TCP protocol over the Internet connection through your server’s public IP address(es). If you do not know your server’s public IP address(es), use a service like WhatIsMyIPAddress? or similar tool available online that can provide you with your server’s public IP address(es). Note that some firewalls may require additional configuration steps before allowing incoming connections on specific port numbers, such as configuring source address verification (SAV) rules for outgoing connections over VPN connections or other types of secure connections where it is important to verify the identity of the client connecting to your server over the network connection before allowing them access to specific services running on your server, such as web servers or database servers that store sensitive information about users or clients who visit those sites or use those services over the internet connection through their browsers or applications installed on their devices connected directly to the same local network segment as your server’s public IP address(es).

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