白话详解ASP.NET的设计思想

自从有了html与http，就有了浏览器与Web服务器，并有了Web应用，最初的交互模式是这样的：

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该模式很好地运行了很多年。然而，随着计算机应用的发展，人们越来越不满足于只有静态内容的页面，而由某种机制动态产生html等代码的需求越来越迫切，于是，很多技术就应运而生，ASP.NET就是这样一种技术。从本质上讲，ASP.NET就是一种服务器端动态产生html、css、javascript等浏览器认识的代码的技术。ASP.NET的交互模式如下：

由该图可知，ASP.NET必须解决两大问题，一是如何与Web服务器（一般就是指IIS）进行交互，二是如何根据不同请求产生不同的html等代码。

***个问题，根据IIS版本（5.*，6.0，7.0）的不同，ASP.NET具有不同的进程模式与不同的交互模式，该问题不是本篇要讲述的。一般来说，大家不必关心该问题，而且要了解该问题，又必须清楚IIS各个版本的模型，而各个版本又各有各的不同，因此，我基本不准备讲述这个问题，大家有兴趣的话，可以自行搜索相关资料。

我们来讨论第二个问题，这里首先要说明的是，因为IIS7.0进程模式的变化比较大，我也没去了解IIS7.0的模型，因此，以下讲述及以后讲述将只针对IIS5.*与IIS6.0。我们有理由认为，针对IIS5.*与IIS6.0的讲述一般同样适用于IIS7.0。

先且按下该问题不表，我们来看一段请求玉帝把大象放到冰箱里的代码（为什么不是上帝？因为我中华不归上帝管），请大家先跟着我的思路来，别急，别急。

   using System;

namespace ConsoleApplication3
11_Open_Text').style.display='none'; document.getElementById('Codehighlighter1_45_2811_Closed_Image').style.display='inline'; document.getElementById('Codehighlighter1_45_2811_Closed_Text').style.display='inline';" src="/files/uploadimg/20090423/1047402.gif" align=top>[[2179]][[2180]]{
[[2181]]    class Program
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2181]]        static void Main(string[] args)
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            Emperor emperor = new Emperor();
[[2181]]            while (true)
[[2182]][[2183]]            [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                Console.WriteLine("首先给玉帝准备好大象和冰箱。");
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                Console.WriteLine("输入大象的名字：");
[[2181]]                string elephantName = Console.ReadLine();
[[2181]]                Console.WriteLine("输入大象的体重：");
[[2181]]                int elephantWeight = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
[[2181]]                Console.WriteLine("输入冰箱的名字：");
[[2181]]                string refrigeratorName = Console.ReadLine();
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                Elephant elephant = new Elephant()
[[2182]][[2183]]                [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                    Name = elephantName,
[[2181]]                    Weight = elephantWeight
[[2184]]                };
[[2181]]                Refrigerator refrigerator = new Refrigerator()
[[2182]][[2183]]                [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                    Name = refrigeratorName
[[2184]]                };
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                Context context = new Context()
[[2182]][[2183]]                [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                    Elephant = elephant,
[[2181]]                    Refrigerator = refrigerator
[[2184]]                };
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                emperor.ProcessRequest(context);
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                Console.WriteLine("是否要玉帝继续把大象关进冰箱里？");
[[2181]]                string answer = Console.ReadLine();
                if (answer == "n")
                    break;
           }
[[2184]]        }
    }

    class Emperor
    {
[[2181]]        public void ProcessRequest(Context context)
[[2182]][[2183]]        {
[[2181]]            Elephant elephant = context.Elephant;
[[2181]]            Refrigerator refrigerator = context.Refrigerator;
[[2181]]
[[2181]]            //***步，打开冰箱门
[[2181]]            refrigerator.IsOpen = true;
[[2181]]            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝打开了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name));
[[2181]]
[[2181]]            //第二步，把大象放进去
[[2181]]            refrigerator.Content = elephant;
[[2181]]            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝把大象 {0} 放到冰箱 {1} 里了。", elephant.Name, refrigerator.Name));
[[2181]]
[[2181]]            //第三步，关上冰箱门
[[2181]]            refrigerator.IsOpen = false;
[[2181]]            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝关上了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name));
[[2184]]        }
[[2184]]    }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]    class Elephant
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2182]][[2183]]        public string Name [[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2182]][[2183]]        public int Weight[[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2184]]    }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]    class Refrigerator
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2182]][[2183]]        public string Name { get; set; }
[[2182]][[2183]]        public bool IsOpen { get; set; }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        private object m_Content;
[[2181]]        public object Content
[[2182]][[2183]]        {
[[2182]][[2183]]            get { return this.m_Content; }
[[2181]]            set
[[2182]][[2183]]            {
[[2181]]                if (!this.IsOpen)
[[2181]]                    throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱门未打开，无法放进东西。");
[[2181]]                if (this.m_Content != null)
[[2181]]                    throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱内有东西，无法放进新的东西。");
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                this.m_Content = value;
[[2184]]            }
[[2184]]        }
[[2184]]    }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]    class Context
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2182]][[2183]]        public Elephant Elephant [[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2182]][[2183]]        public Refrigerator Refrigerator [[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2184]]    }
[[2185]]}

请大家先认真读懂该代码，该代码不会有问题吧，如果有问题，那么还请你一定先读懂该代码再往下看。

后来，玉帝累了，他想啊，我堂堂玉帝，居然亲自干这种没含量的活，但是顾客是玉帝的玉帝，又不能不干。于是，玉帝找了两个手下（把门大神、神象星宿）来帮他干活。

_Text_112146').style.display='none'; document.getElementById('Code_Open_Image_112146').style.display='inline'; document.getElementById('Code_Open_Text_112146').style.display='inline';" height=16 src="/files/uploadimg/20090423/1047403.gif" width=11 align=top>[[2186]]Code2
 using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace ConsoleApplication3
[[2186]][[2179]][[2180]]{
[[2181]]    class Program
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2181]]        static void Main(string[] args)
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            Emperor emperor = new Emperor();
[[2181]]            emperor.Init();
[[2181]]
[[2181]]            while (true)
[[2182]][[2183]]            [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                Console.WriteLine("首先给玉帝准备好大象和冰箱。");
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                Console.WriteLine("输入大象的名字：");
[[2181]]                string elephantName = Console.ReadLine();
[[2181]]                Console.WriteLine("输入大象的体重：");
[[2181]]                int elephantWeight = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
[[2181]]                Console.WriteLine("输入冰箱的名字：");
[[2181]]                string refrigeratorName = Console.ReadLine();
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                Elephant elephant = new Elephant()
[[2182]][[2183]]                [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                    Name = elephantName,
[[2181]]                    Weight = elephantWeight
[[2184]]                };
[[2181]]                Refrigerator refrigerator = new Refrigerator()
[[2182]][[2183]]                [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                    Name = refrigeratorName
[[2184]]                };
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                Context context = new Context()
[[2182]][[2183]]                [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                    Elephant = elephant,
[[2181]]                    Refrigerator = refrigerator
[[2184]]                };
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                emperor.ProcessRequest(context);
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                Console.WriteLine("是否要玉帝继续把大象关进冰箱里？");
[[2181]]                string answer = Console.ReadLine();
[[2181]]                if (answer == "n")
[[2181]]                    break;
[[2184]]            }
[[2184]]        }
[[2184]]    }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]    class Emperor
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2181]]        private IList m_Modules;
[[2182]][[2183]]        public Context Context [[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        public void Init()
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            m_Modules = new List();
[[2181]]            m_Modules.Add(new OpenCloseRefrigeratorDoorModule());
[[2181]]            m_Modules.Add(new PutElephantToRefrigeratorModule());
[[2181]]
[[2181]]            foreach (IEmperorModule module in this.m_Modules)
[[2182]][[2183]]            [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                module.Init(this);
[[2184]]            }
[[2184]]        }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        public void ProcessRequest(Context context)
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            this.Context = context;
[[2181]]
[[2181]]            this.OnOpenRefrigeratorDoor();
[[2181]]            this.OnPutElephantToRefrigerator();
[[2181]]            this.OnCloseRefrigeratorDoor();
[[2184]]        }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        public event EventHandler OpenRefrigeratorDoor;
[[2181]]        public event EventHandler PutElephantToRefrigerator;
[[2181]]        public event EventHandler CloseRefrigeratorDoor;
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        protected virtual void OnOpenRefrigeratorDoor()
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            EventHandler handler = this.OpenRefrigeratorDoor;
[[2181]]            if (handler != null)
[[2182]][[2183]]            [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                handler(this, EventArgs.Empty);
[[2184]]            }
[[2184]]        }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        protected virtual void OnPutElephantToRefrigerator()
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            EventHandler handler = this.PutElephantToRefrigerator;
[[2181]]            if (handler != null)
[[2182]][[2183]]            [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                handler(this, EventArgs.Empty);
[[2184]]            }
[[2184]]        }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        protected virtual void OnCloseRefrigeratorDoor()
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            EventHandler handler = this.CloseRefrigeratorDoor;
[[2181]]            if (handler != null)
[[2182]][[2183]]            [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                handler(this, EventArgs.Empty);
[[2184]]            }
[[2184]]        }
[[2184]]    }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]    class Elephant
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2182]][[2183]]        public string Name [[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2182]][[2183]]        public int Weight[[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2184]]    }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]    class Refrigerator
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2182]][[2183]]        public string Name [[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2182]][[2183]]        public bool IsOpen [[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        private object m_Content;
[[2181]]        public object Content
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2182]][[2183]]            get [[2180]]{ return this.m_Content; }
[[2181]]            set
[[2182]][[2183]]            [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                if (!this.IsOpen)
[[2181]]                    throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱门未打开，无法放进东西。");
[[2181]]                if (this.m_Content != null)
[[2181]]                    throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱内有东西，无法放进新的东西。");
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                this.m_Content = value;
[[2184]]            }
[[2184]]        }
[[2184]]    }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]    class Context
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2182]][[2183]]        public Elephant Elephant [[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2182]][[2183]]        public Refrigerator Refrigerator [[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2184]]    }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]    interface IEmperorModule
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2181]]        void Init(Emperor emperor);
[[2184]]    }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]    class OpenCloseRefrigeratorDoorModule : IEmperorModule
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2183]][[2182]]        IEmperorModule 成员#region IEmperorModule 成员
[[2181]]        public void Init(Emperor emperor)
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            emperor.OpenRefrigeratorDoor += new EventHandler(this.OpenDoor);
[[2181]]            emperor.CloseRefrigeratorDoor += new EventHandler(this.CloseDoor);
[[2184]]        }
[[2184]]        #endregion
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        private void OpenDoor(object sender, EventArgs e)
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            Emperor emperor = (Emperor)sender;
[[2181]]            Refrigerator refrigerator = emperor.Context.Refrigerator;
[[2181]]            refrigerator.IsOpen = true;
[[2181]]            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的把门大神打开了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name));
[[2184]]        }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        private void CloseDoor(object sender, EventArgs e)
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            Emperor emperor = (Emperor)sender;
[[2181]]            Refrigerator refrigerator = emperor.Context.Refrigerator;
[[2181]]            refrigerator.IsOpen = false;
[[2181]]            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的把门大神关上了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name));
[[2184]]        }
[[2184]]    }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]    class PutElephantToRefrigeratorModule : IEmperorModule
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2183]][[2182]]        IEmperorModule 成员#region IEmperorModule 成员
[[2181]]        public void Init(Emperor emperor)
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            emperor.PutElephantToRefrigerator += new EventHandler(this.PutElephantToRefrigerator);
[[2184]]        }
[[2184]]        #endregion
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        private void PutElephantToRefrigerator(object sender, EventArgs e)
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            Emperor emperor = (Emperor)sender;
[[2181]]            Elephant elephant = emperor.Context.Elephant;
[[2181]]            Refrigerator refrigerator = emperor.Context.Refrigerator;
[[2181]]            refrigerator.Content = elephant;
[[2181]]            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的神象星宿把大象 {0} 放到冰箱 {1} 里了。", elephant.Name, refrigerator.Name));
[[2184]]        }
[[2184]]    }
[[2185]]}

观测该代码有哪些变化？玉帝增加了一个Init方法，该方法召集了那些干活的手下，并交待手下你们要干的事情（初始化）。所有手下都继承自IEmperorModule接口，该接口有一个Init方法，以初始化该手下能干的活。玉帝的ProcessRequest方法不再亲自干活了，而仅仅是在那边喊，该开门了，该把大象放进去了，该关门了。

来点题外话，上面代码应用了模板方法模式，或者说是模板方法的变种。什么，不是，没有抽象类，没有抽象方法，没有子类？请问，模板方法一定要有抽象类吗？一定要有抽象方法吗？一定要有子类吗？我想，模板方法的精髓，在于它规定了特定的步骤算法，而这些步骤在必要的时候可以委托给其它方法实现。在传统的模板方法中，是委托给子类实现，而在我们拥有委托的情况下，难道我们不能委托给其它类实现吗？其实，我想，学习设计模式，不要拘泥于形式，而要掌握其精髓，并灵活运用。就Gof的23种设计模式来说，我觉得其精髓几乎全部可由一句话概括。）

天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福，某一天，这神象星宿病了，他赶不动超过1000斤的大象了，怎么办？玉帝于是又召集了超级神象星宿，可但凡有点能耐的都有点脾气，超级神象星宿表示，只有其它人赶不动的大象他才来赶。

[[2179]][[2186]]Code3
 using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace ConsoleApplication3
[[2186]][[2179]][[2180]]{
[[2181]]    class Program
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2181]]        static void Main(string[] args)
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            Emperor emperor = new Emperor();
[[2181]]            emperor.Init();
[[2181]]
[[2181]]            while (true)
[[2182]][[2183]]            [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                Console.WriteLine("首先给玉帝准备好大象和冰箱。");
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                Console.WriteLine("输入大象的名字：");
[[2181]]                string elephantName = Console.ReadLine();
[[2181]]                Console.WriteLine("输入大象的体重：");
[[2181]]                int elephantWeight = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
[[2181]]                Console.WriteLine("输入冰箱的名字：");
[[2181]]                string refrigeratorName = Console.ReadLine();
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                Elephant elephant = new Elephant()
[[2182]][[2183]]                [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                    Name = elephantName,
[[2181]]                    Weight = elephantWeight
[[2184]]                };
[[2181]]                Refrigerator refrigerator = new Refrigerator()
[[2182]][[2183]]                [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                    Name = refrigeratorName
[[2184]]                };
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                Context context = new Context()
[[2182]][[2183]]                [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                    Elephant = elephant,
[[2181]]                    Refrigerator = refrigerator
[[2184]]                };
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                emperor.ProcessRequest(context);
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                Console.WriteLine("是否要玉帝继续把大象关进冰箱里？");
[[2181]]                string answer = Console.ReadLine();
[[2181]]                if (answer == "n")
[[2181]]                    break;
[[2184]]            }
[[2184]]        }
[[2184]]    }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]    class Emperor
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2181]]        private IList m_Modules;
[[2182]][[2183]]        public Context Context [[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        public void Init()
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            m_Modules = new List();
[[2181]]            m_Modules.Add(new OpenCloseRefrigeratorDoorModule());
[[2181]]            m_Modules.Add(new PutElephantToRefrigeratorModule());
[[2181]]            m_Modules.Add(new SuperPutElephantToRefrigeratorModule());
[[2181]]
[[2181]]            foreach (IEmperorModule module in this.m_Modules)
[[2182]][[2183]]            [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                module.Init(this);
[[2184]]            }
[[2184]]        }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        public void ProcessRequest(Context context)
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            this.Context = context;
[[2181]]
[[2181]]            this.OnOpenRefrigeratorDoor();
[[2181]]            this.OnPutElephantToRefrigerator();
[[2181]]            this.OnCloseRefrigeratorDoor();
[[2184]]        }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        public event EventHandler OpenRefrigeratorDoor;
[[2181]]        public event EventHandler PutElephantToRefrigerator;
[[2181]]        public event EventHandler CloseRefrigeratorDoor;
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        protected virtual void OnOpenRefrigeratorDoor()
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            EventHandler handler = this.OpenRefrigeratorDoor;
[[2181]]            if (handler != null)
[[2182]][[2183]]            [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                handler(this, EventArgs.Empty);
[[2184]]            }
[[2184]]        }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        protected virtual void OnPutElephantToRefrigerator()
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            EventHandler handler = this.PutElephantToRefrigerator;
[[2181]]            if (handler != null)
[[2182]][[2183]]            [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                handler(this, EventArgs.Empty);
[[2184]]            }
[[2184]]        }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        protected virtual void OnCloseRefrigeratorDoor()
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            EventHandler handler = this.CloseRefrigeratorDoor;
[[2181]]            if (handler != null)
[[2182]][[2183]]            [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                handler(this, EventArgs.Empty);
[[2184]]            }
[[2184]]        }
[[2184]]    }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]    class Elephant
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2182]][[2183]]        public string Name [[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2182]][[2183]]        public int Weight[[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2184]]    }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]    class Refrigerator
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2182]][[2183]]        public string Name [[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2182]][[2183]]        public bool IsOpen [[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        private object m_Content;
[[2181]]        public object Content
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2182]][[2183]]            get [[2180]]{ return this.m_Content; }
[[2181]]            set
[[2182]]Id('Codehighlighter1_3485_3771_Closed_Text').style.display='none'; document.getElementById('Codehighlighter1_3485_3771_Open_Image').style.display='inline'; document.getElementById('Codehighlighter1_3485_3771_Open_Text').style.display='inline';" src="/files/uploadimg/20090423/1047407.gif" align=top>            [[2180]]{
[[2181]]                if (!this.IsOpen)
[[2181]]                    throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱门未打开，无法放进东西。");
[[2181]]                if (this.m_Content != null)
[[2181]]                    throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱内有东西，无法放进新的东西。");
[[2181]]
[[2181]]                this.m_Content = value;
[[2184]]            }
[[2184]]        }
[[2184]]    }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]    class Context
[[2182]][[2183]]    [[2180]]{
[[2182]][[2183]]        public Elephant Elephant [[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2182]][[2183]]        public Refrigerator Refrigerator [[2180]]{ get; set; }
[[2181]]
[[2181]]        private IDictionary m_Items;
[[2181]]        public IDictionary Items
[[2182]][[2183]]        [[2180]]{
[[2181]]            get
[[2182]][[2183]]             none; BORDER-LEFT: #808080 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #808080 1px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff">[[2180]]{
[[2181]]                if (this.m_Items == null)
[[2181]]    &n            

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